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The Canadian prairies are the expanses of mainly flat arable agricultural land sustaining extensive grain farming in the southern part of the provinces.

On the south coast Vancouver Island is separated from the mainland by the continuous Juan de Fuca, Georgia, and Johnstone Straits. Other than in the plateau regions of the interior and the river valleys, most of British Columbia is coniferous forest.

The Arctic, north of the tree line, covers most of Nunavut, and the northernmost parts of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and Labrador.

Canada

Canada has been a constitutional monarchy since 1774 and is divided into five regions each with a very different landscape and climate.

Nearly 80% of Canadians live in its major cities (Vancouver, Toronto, Ottawa) so the majority of jobs are to be found there.

Geography overview

Canada is enormous – after the break-up of the former Soviet Union, Canada has now become the world's largest country in terms of land mass with diverse scenery covering 10 million square kilometres (roughly the size of Europe), over six time zones and the longest coastline in the world. However, only 12 % of the land is suitable for modern economic activities.

To the west lies the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Arctic Ocean to the north. In fact, the Arctic islands come within 800 km of the North Pole. To the south, Canada shares an 8,892 km border with the USA where the climate is mildest….the important reason most of the 31 million Canadian population live within a few hundred kilometres of the US border!

Inland, the temperate forests quickly yield to the coastal mountains that are thickly covered in snow for six months of the year. Mountains generally take precedence until the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rockies and the prairies which fan out to produce one of the world’s largest wheat belts. To the east the prairies and forests are interspersed by the great lakes in the south-east of the country until the Atlantic Ocean is in view. The Northwest Territories and the Yukon extend right up to the North Pole with its arctic temperatures and tundra ensuring that only the hardiest of species survive, including people.

The Appalachian mountain range is comprised entirely of sedimentary sandstone and extends from Alabama USA with rolling hills indented by river valleys.

The Great Lakes cover a total area of 94,000 sq. miles and are the largest system of fresh, surface water on Earth. The Great Lakes basin is home to 8.5 million Canadians which is 31% of the population.

The northern parts of Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec, are located on a vast mineral rich rock base known as the Canadian Shield consisting of eroded hilly terrain with many important rivers used for hydroelectric production.